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r-TT 


HOW  TO  USE 


OUR  TEXT-BOOK 


omen  ^orfeerg  of 
([Orient 


A HANDBOOK  OF  SUGGESTIONS 
By  Helen  Barrett  Montgomery 


1918 


Published  by  The  Central  Committee  on 
the  United  Study  of  Foreign  Missions 
West  Medford,  Mass. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2016 


https://archive.org/details/howtouseourtextbOOmont 


GENERAL  SUGGESTIONS. 


In  the  four  interdenominational  Mission  Study-Books 
of  the  present  year  we  have  the  best  example  so  far,  of 
correlation.  Each  book  discusses  differing  phases  of  one 
subject: — the  impact  of  the  gospel  upon  industrial  rela- 
tions. Thus  each  book  helps  to  drive  home  the  impres- 
sion of  the  others.  Every  one  of  these  books  ought  to  be 
circulated  in  every  church,  as  THE  feature  in  the  educa- 
tional work  of  the  year.  The  books  are: 

Women  Workers  of  the  Orient,  Margaret  Burton. 

Ancient  Peoples  at  New  Tasks,  Willard  Price. 

The  Path  of  Labor,  A Symposium. 

The  Gospel  for  a Working  World,  H.  F.  Ward. 

The  first  two  relate  to  the  foreign,  and  the  last  two  to 
the  home  field  of  missions.  The  first  and  third  deal  more 
particularly  with  women  workers,  the  second  and  fourth 
with  the  general  field  of  missionary  labor. 

WAYS  OF  WORKING. — A set  of  the  four  books  cost 
$1.50  in  paper,  $2.20  in  cloth.  They  may  be  obtained  from 
the  book  stores  or  ordered  through  the  Missionary  So- 
cieties. There  are  many  ways  of  using  them. 

1.  THE  BOOK  CONTEST.  If  possible  have  two  sets 
of  books,  divide  the  membership  into  two  teams,  each 
with  a captain,  and  see  which  team  will  have  the  largest 
number  of  books  read,  and  the  largest  number  of  readers 
who  have  read  all  four  books. 

2.  Put  the  books  in  the  Church  Library  and  have  in- 
teresting questions  about  the  books  in  each  week’s  order 
of  service  so  as  to  draw  attention  to  them  and  secure 
circulation. 


3 


3.  Get  the  pastor  to  preach  a series  of  sermons  using 
the  books  as  source  material  and  calling  attention  to  the 
books  from  the  pulpit. 

4.  Use  striking  quotations  from  the  books  in  the 
Church  paper,  and  advertise  the  books  in  connection  with 
each  issue. 

5.  See  that  a copy  of  each  is  sent  to  the  boys  at  the 
front.  It  would  be  a fine  thing  for  some  personal  friends 
to  buy  a book,  read  it,  and  write  their  autographs  in  it 
before  sending. 

6.  Get  the  Men’s  Class  to  buy  (2)  and  (4)  and  circu- 
late them  among  the  members,  and  later  arrange  for  dis- 
cussions in  the  Men’s  Club. 

7.  Arrange  two  lecture  courses  each  of  six  lectures 
given  by  as  many  pastors.  Let  one  course  be  based  on 
the  two  foreign  books,  the  other  on  the  two  home  books. 
Let  each  person  buying  a course  ticket  (50  cents  or  $1.00) 
be  entitled  to  a copy  of  the  text-book,  the  men  being  given 
(2)  or  (4)  and  the  women  (1)  or  (3),  depending  upon  the 
course  for  which  the  tickets  are  issued.  One  course  could 
be  given  in  the  Fall,  one  during  Lent. 

If  good  committee  work  is  done  with  thorough  organi- 
zation,— selling  of  tickets  in  advance  and  adequate  prep- 
aration on  the  part  of  the  pastors — the  course  cannot  fail. 
Provision  should  be  made  for  committees  on  maps,  charts, 
posters,  etc.,  and  hard  work  done  on  them  by  a big  well 
selected  committee.  If  ENOUGH  PEOPLE  ARE  EN- 
LISTED to  work  for  such  a course  the  result  will  be  seen 
in  the  size  of  the  audience. 

8.  Be  sure  to  get  the  books  into  the  public  library. 
Create  a demand  for  them,  ask  for  them  individually  and 
through  the  local  federation.  Why  not  present  a set  to 
the  library  if  necessary  to  get  t’nem  in? 


4 


9.  Use  the  books  to  read  aloud  at  the  Red  Cross 
Circle  and  Sewing  Societies.  Select  an  interesting  reader 
who  will  choose  her  material  judiciously. 

10.  Organize  LITTLE  reading  circles  of  “Knitters” 
who  will  meet  at  private  houses  to  listen  while  some  one 
reads. 


THE  JUNIOR  BOOKS. 

We  are  fortunate  this  year  in  the  children’s  study-books. 
Mrs.  Norma  Waterbury  Thomas  continues  the  fascinating 
journeys  of  Jack  and  Janet.  This  time  the  twins  visit  the 
Philippines.  There  are  such  splendid  helps  in  the  way  of 
pass-ports,  sketch  books,  post-cards,  maps,  etc.,  that  the 
most  inexperienced  leader  will  have  no  difficulty  in  secur- 
ing the  eager  co-operation  of  the  boys  and  girls. 

Miss  Margaret  Applegarth’s  Jack  of  All  Trades,  the 
Home  Junior  Book,  is  not  less  clever  and  stimulating. 
Not  only  the  Juniors  but  their  parents  will  delight  to 
read  both  these  books. 


CHARTS. 

Miss  Thompson  and  Miss  Bennett  have  prepared  the 
set  of  suggestive  charts,  reproduced  in  miniature  in  this 
handbook.  These  may  be  easily  enlarged,  or  if  no  one 
is  available  who  is  competent  to  undertake  this,  patterns 
may  be  obtained  or  the  originals  rented  at  a nominal 
charge.  The  extensive  use  of  charts  cannot  be  too 
strongly  urged.  Commandeer  the  high  school  students  to 
make  them. 


5 


SUGGESTED  TITLES  FOR  PROGRAMS. 


I. 

ORIENTAL  WOMEN  OF  TODAY  AND  WHAT 
THEY  ARE  DOING. 


1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 


6. 


The  Oriental  Woman  Keeps  her  House. 

'•  “ Works  for  Wages. 

" " “ Sees  New  Light. 

“ “ “ Becomes  a Pioneer. 

“ “ " Learns  Public  Spirit. 

“ Trains  for  Leadership. 


II. 

THE  NEW  WOMANHOOD  OF  THE  ORIENT. 

1.  House-Keepers  and  Home-Makers  of  the  Orient. 

2.  Factory  Work  for  Oriental  Women. 

3.  The  New  Woman  as  the  Orient  Sees  Her. 

4.  Woman  Pioneers  in  Oriental  Lands. 

5.  Oriental  Women  in  Community  Tasks. 

6.  Education  for  Leadership  in  the  Orient. 


- III. 

A STUDY  OF  ORIENTAL  WOMANHOOD. 

1.  The  Oriental  Woman’s  Home  and  How  She  Keeps 
It 

2.  The  Oriental  Factory  Girl,  Her  Disabilities  and 
Dangers. 

3.  What  the  Orient  Thinks  of  the  New  Woman. 

4.  Oriental  Women  Who  Dare  to  be  Different. 

5.  Oriental  Women  and  the  Public  Good. 

6.  Training  the  Leaders  of  the  New  Orient 


6 


SUGGESTIONS  FOR  CHAPTER  I. 


A Good  Bible  reading  would  be  to  have  each  woman 
present  respond  to  roll  call  by  the  name  of  some  woman 
of  the  Bible  telling  in  a word  for  what  she  was  noted, 
e.  g.,  MIRIAM,  a prophetess,  who  took  care  of  her  baby 
brothers;  DEBORAH,  a war-like  woman  in  a troubled 
time;  HANNAH,  the  mother  of  a great  prophet.  If 
necessary  have  a committee  ready  to  help  the  slothful  by 
preparing  a list  from  the  long  category  of  Bible  women. 
In  the  list  bring  out  the  endless  variety  of  their  talents 
and  occupations.  ) 

Prov.  31,  10-31  is  a good  reading  to  show  that  the  Bibli- 
cal ideal  of  the  Old  Testament  days  even,  was  neither 
cramped  nor  weak,  but  involved  the  elements  of  a wide 
and  sane  culture. 

This  chapter  may  be  effectively  developed  by  five 
women  who  impersonate  the  five  divisions  of  the  chapter. 
If  simple  costumes  can  be  secured  the  picturesqueness  of 
the  presentation  may  be  somewhat  enhanced;  but  the  vivid 
presentation  on  the  part  of  the  speaker  is  the  main  thing. 

The  FIRST  SPEAKER  impersonates  the  Moslem  home- 
maker. She  makes  the  following  points:  My  home  is 

much  simpler  than  yours,  fewer  rooms,  much  less  furni- 
ture, windows  small  and  few,  but  my  work  is  more 
arduous  because  I have  not  the  help  of  modem  machin- 
ery and  inventions.  I do  as  your  great-grandmothers  did 
(mentioning  tasks  innumerated  on  pp.  12-14).  When  a mis- 
sionary once  asked  me,  “Can  you  read?”  I answered,  etc., 
etc.,  (see  p.  16). 

“The  dark  shadow  on  my  life  is  polygamy.  My  husband 
nounce  the  fatal  words,  ‘I  divorce  thee,'  and  then  I should 
hat  the  legal  right  for  any  cause,  or  no  cause,  to  pro- 

7 


be  sent  back  to  my  father’s  house  in  disgrace  and  com- 
pelled to  leave  my  children  in  the  ownership  of  their 
father  for  another  woman  to  bring  up.  This  is  my  haunt- 
ing fear  by  day  and  night.  This  is  why  I am  so  eager  to 
please,  so  servile.” 

The  SECOND  SPEAKER  impersonates  the  Indian 
house-mother.  She  makes  the  following  points:  “My 

work  is  not  so  hard  as  my  Moslem  Sisters,  for  caste 
creates  a sort  of  sub-division  of  labor.  The  weaver  caste 
makes  the  cloth  for  my  family’s  clothing,  the  leather  caste 
the  shoes,  the  washerman  caste  do  the  laundry.  If  I am 
very  poor  there  is  almost  no  housework  to  do  in  my  little 
mud  house  so  I do  coolie  work  in  the  field  with  my  hus- 
band. If  I belong  to  the  more  comfortable  caste  people 
my  day  is  busy  with  an  endless  cycle  of  never  varying 
tasks  so  simple  that  my  mind  stagnates  in  the  monotony 
and  limitation  of  my  days.  Let  me  give  you  a little  idea, 
(pp.  18-19).  The  terrible  shadow  on  my  life  is  three-fold: 
Child  marriage  and  motherhood,  seclusion,  perpetuzd 
widow-hood,  (expand  these  points). 

The  THIRD  SPEAKER  impersonates  the  Chinese 
woman.  She  says,  “As  I have  listened  to  my  sister  from 
Moslem  lands  my  daily  tasks  seemed  very  like  hers,  (tells 
of  her  cooking,  sewing,  laundry  and  care  of  children). 
They  say  that  I am  the  poorest  housekeeper  of  the  Orient 
(p.  20).  Perhaps  I am.  If  so  I can  tell  you  the  reason. 
It  is  these  bound  feet  of  mine.  If  you  had  spent  your 
girlhood  never  free  from  restless  pain,  if  you  had  to  stump 
about  in  these  aching  pegs,  you  would  lose  your  temper 
and  scold  and  sweep  the  dust  under  the  bed,  and  get  along 
as  easy  as  you  could.  Think  of  trying  to  do  field  work 
as  thousands  of  us  do,  hobbling  or  kneeling!  (p.  23).  In 
spite  of  my  handicap  I am  industrious.  I carry  on  ever  so 
many  industries  inside  m.y  squalid  house  to  help  keep  the 


8 


many  little  mouths  from  starving,  (p.  24).  The  dark 
shadow  on  my  life  is  just  this  physical  and  spiritual  bond- 
age. I live  under  the  terror  of  unseen  spirits.  These 
bound  feet  are  the  outward  symbol  of  my  fettered  soul. 
I’d  like  you  to  see  a Chinese  home  such  as  an  emanci- 
pated Christian  Chinese  woman  makes.  Let  me  tell  you 
about  some.”  (pp.  26-27). 

THE  FOURTH  SPEAKER  impersonates  the  Japanese 
woman,  who  says,  “We  are  very  proud  of  the  daintiness 
of  our  Japanese  homes,  (p.  29).  We  are  proud  too,  that 
Japanese  women  have  more  opportunities  for  education 
and  self-support  than  have  any  other  Oriental  women.  To 
be  sure  you  will  see  our  v/omen  of  the  poorer  people  work- 
ing side  by  side  with  their  husbands  in  the  rice  fields  (pp. 
28-29)  but  will  see  women  also  in  banks,  offices,  railway 
stations,  school-rooms,  stores  and  factories.  The  shadow 
on  our  lives  is  the  age  long  teaching  of  SUBSER- 
VIENCY. We  are  taught  that  our  highest  duty  is  com- 
plete subordination  to  father,  husband,  son,  older  brother. 
In  fact  that  in  order  to  pay  family  debts  or  help  a brother 
through  college  it  may  be  necessary,  and  if  so,  it  is  not 
wrong,  to  sell  our  bodies.  This  subordination  has  worked 
into  our  souls;  it  has  lowered  the  morad  standards  of 
Japan;  weakened  her  men,  and  harmed  us  no  less.  Only 
the  Christ  in  whom  there  is  neither  Jew  nor  Gentile,  bond 
nor  free,  male  nor  female,  can  free  our  land  from  this 
blighting  shadow.” 

When  these  representations  have  finished,  let  some  one 
mention  the  good  points  in  the  life  of  the  Oriental 
woman  that  we  should  hope  might  not  be  lost.  FIRST, 
SIMPLICITY,  contrast  this  with  our  luxury  and  accumu- 
lation of  needless  articles  of  furniture  and  decoration  in 
our  homes.  SECOND,  INDUSTRY.  There  is  no  deli- 
catessen store  around  the  comer,  no  shop  for  ready-made 

9 


clothing  so  the  Oriental  woman  busies  herself  to  provide 
for  the  needs  of  her  family.  She  is  of  real  use,  not  an 
idle  ornament.  If  she  learns  to  live  the  life  of. the  so- 
called  “society  woman”  whose  main  business  is  amuse- 
ment, she  will  learn  it  from  the  West.  There  is  a good 
opportunity  here  for  spirited  presentation  or  discussion  of 
the  blessing  of  industry,  and  of  the  temptation  which 
comes  to  many  a woman  of  this  age  to  put  amusement 
first,  simply  because  she  can  buy  almost  all  that  her  fam- 
ily needs  ready  made.  Women  can  never  help  to  remake 
the  world  until  they  remodel  their  attitude  toward  work. 

Such  remarks  as,  “She  has  married  very  well;  she  won’t 
need  to  lift  a finger”;  “I’m  awfully  rushed,  been  to  a card 
club  every  afternoon  this  week  and  three  luncheons  and 
as  many  teas  last  week”  are  outward  symptoms  of  a false 
attitude  toward  life  which  sees  nothing  disgraceful  in  hav- 
ing no  continuous  useful  occupation  that  makes  the  same 
relentless  demands  for  industry,  attention,  plodding  reg- 
ularity and  devotion  that  a man’s  business  makes  in  him. 
The  Oriental  woman’s  spirit  of  devotion  to  her  family 
duties  is  something  so  precious  that  we  must  help  her 
never  to  lose  it.  THIRD,  PRIDE  IN  HER  JOB.  It 
never  occurs  to  the  Oriental  woman  that  there  is  any- 
thing higher  or  more  important  than  bringing  up  a fam- 
ily. She  is  not  troubled  with  “ingrowing  individuality” 
and  has  no  rebellious  pain  because  she  has  to  waste  her 
superb  power  on  a work  so  menial  and  inferior  as  doing 
the  most  essential  thing  in  the  world,  home-building.  The 
only  trade  that  she  alone  can  carry  on  does  not  to  her 
seem  inferior  to  other  trades  which  she  can  perhaps  do 
half  as  well  as  men  can. 

The  next  speaker  should  sum  up  the  very  great  needs 
of  the  Oriental  woman,  needs  that  only  Christian  women 
can  supply.  If  preferred  this  topic  could  be  given  by 


10 


several  women,  each  one  presenting  one  point.  (1)  HER 
ILLITERACY : Ninety-nine  out  of  a hundred,  in  some 
lands  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  out  of  a thousand,  of 
these  mothers  are  absolutely  illiterate;  trying  to  discharge 
their  great  task  without  any  of  the  helps  that  come  to  an 
educated  woman.  (2)  HER  LACK  OF  TRAINING: 
Her  housekeeping  is  a matter  of  tradition,  and  ‘rule  of 
thumb’  for  which  she  has  no  scientific  preparation  or 
helps.  There  is  no  one  to  instruct  her  in  the  correct  care 
of  infants,  hence  the  heart-breaking  waste  of  infant  life. 
(3)  HER  LACK  OF  COMRADESHIP  AND  SOCIAL 
INTERCOURSE:  She  is  shut  in  to  her  immediate  fam- 
ily for  the  most  part,  in  some  cases  is  absolutely  confined 
within  the  walls  of  her  own  house.  This  makes  for  stagna- 
tion and  bad  temper.  (4)  SHE  HAS  A LOW  OPINION 
OF  HER  OWN  POWERS  AND  CHARACTER:  Her  in- 
feriority is  universally  believed,  a contempt  of  her  ability 
is  in  the  air,  the  belief  in  her  innate  impurity  and  need  of 
guardianship  is  widespread.  The  difficulty  of  attaining 
high  character  under  these  circumstances  is  enormous. 

(5)  SHE  HAS  NO  PERSONAL  FREEDOM,  BUT  RE- 
GARDS HERSELF  AND  IS  REGARDED  AS  A DE- 
PENDANT, one  to  be  given  things,  not  one  who  earns. 

(6)  SHE  HAS  NO  HOPE  OF  PERSONAL  IM- 
MORTALITY, but  faces  the  loss  of  her  little  ones  with 
dull,  hopeless  grief.  No  light  from  the  other  world  has 
ever  come  to  give  her  hope  of  a blessed  reunion.  (7)  SHE 
HAS  NO  KNOWLEDGE  OF  HER  FATHER  GOD  who 
loves  her  and  hears  her  prayers.  She  knows  no  Saviour 
from  Sin,  she  has  no  Bible  to  tell  her  of  God  and  the  Soul. 
We  have  all  these  things  which  she  lacks  and  the  ability 
to  share  them  with  her. 

The  last  speaker  should  give  in  her  own  words  the  mat- 
ter found  on  pp.  35-37  showing  the  vital  importance  of 
missionary  help  to  this  shut-in  and  undeveloped  vast  ma- 
jority of  all  the  women  who  live. 


11 


ILLUSTRATIVE  POSSIBILITIES. 

It  would  be  easy  from  the  pages  of  the  illustrated  mag- 
azines to  make  charts  or  scrap  books  containing  pictures 
of  the  costumes,  houses,  furnishings  and  children  of  the 
Oriental  women.  Old  numbers  of  the  NATIONAL  GEO- 
GRAPHIC MAGAZINE  have  a wealth  of  pictorial  mate- 
rial. It  is  possible  that  by  writing  to  the  publishers  at 
Washington,  D.  C.,  copies  of  former  numbers  containing 
pictures  desired  might  be  obtained.  One  number  of  the 
magazine  sells  for  25  cents  (double  numbers  50  cents)  and 
often  contains  hundreds  of  pictures. 

Boys  and  girls  might  be  interested  to  make  models  of 
Hindu,  Mohammedan  or  Chinese  houses  from  pictures,  or 
even  to  attempt  a little  village  on  a sand  table. 

In  most  places  there  are  Oriental  garments  which  could 
be  secured  for  display. 

Perhaps  pictures  of  very  beautiful  Oriental  women 
might  be  collected  and  used  to  make  a picture  gallery  to 
illustrate  the  charm  and  fascination  of  these  Oriental  sis- 
ters of  ours. 


CHAPTER  II. 

The  program  based  on  chapter  two  might  well  take  the 
form  of  a questionnaire.  Miss  Burton’s  questions  on  pp. 
78  and  79  should  be  carefully  assigned  in  writing  to  twenty 
women,  and  each  woman  made  to  understand  that  she  is 
solely  responsible  for  her  particular  question.  Those  to 
answer  the  question  should  be  seated  together  facing  the 
Society.  In  small  Societies  it  might  be  possible  to  bring 
in  those  not  members  to  help  in  the  program  by  assigning 
a question  and  also  helping  to  find  the  answer.  If  each 
member  of  the  Society  has  a copy  of  the  text-book  (the 
best  arrangement)  then  each  woman  should  be  expected 


12 


to  find  her  own  answer  to  the  question.  The  Chairman 
of  the  committee  must  know  every  answer  and  be  pre- 
pared to  help  Mrs.  Ready-to-Fail.  An  even  better  form 
of  questionnaire  would  be  to  divide  the  Society  into  two 
or  more  teams  which  met  before-hand  to  prepare  for  the 
fray  and  then  let  the  teams  “spell  down”  to  see  which 
one  had  the  most  women  who  knew  the  most  answers  to 
the  questions. 

This  Chapter  gives  an  admirable  opportunity  to  cor- 
relate with  the  Home  Mission  Study,  and  where  condi- 
tions permitted,  it  might  be  wise  to  introduce  the  reading 
of  the  Factory  Chapters  of  the  Home  text-books  as  sup- 
plementary reading.  At  any  rate  it  is  important  that  the 
women  have  their  attention  called  to  “ANCIENT  PEO- 
PLES AT  NEW  TASKS,”  the  general  Foreign  text-book, 
particularly  Chapter  II,  “Land  of  Cherry  Blossoms  and 
Smoke  Stacks.”  If  other  than  the  questionnaire  treatment 
is  decided  upon  it  would  seem  wise  to  concentrate  upon 
the  factory  conditions  in  Japan,  with  special  reference  to 
WOMEN  factory  operatives,  because  of  all  Oriental 
countries  Japan  is  farthest  along  in  the  industrial  revolu- 
tion. 

If  such  a presentation  were  decided  upon  the  following 
outline  might  prove  helpful: 

I.  Bible  readings  emphasizing  the  demand  of  the  Bible 
for  social  justice,  and  God’s  championship  of  the  working 
people. 

The  following  are  only  a few  out  of  many  passages 
that  might  be  cited:  Lev.,  XIX,  13-15;  Deut.,  XXIV,  14- 
15;  Job,  XXIV,  4-10;  XXXI,  16-22;  Psa.,  X,  2-10; 
LXXXII,  2-4;  Prov.,  XIV,  20,  21,  31;  XXX,  14;  Eccl.,  V, 
8;  Isa.,  I,  10-18;  III,  14-15;  XXXIII,  13-16;  Jer.,  XVII, 
10-11;  XXII,  1-3,  13-17;  Amos.,  II,  6-8;  IV.  1-2;  V,  7-15,  21- 


13 


24;  VI,  1-6;  Hab.,  II,  6-4;  Zech.,  VIII,  16-17;  Matt., 
XXIII,  14;  James  II,  Rev.,  XVIII,  4-20. 

If  possible  have  the  references  mimeographed  so  that 
each  member  can  look  them  all  up  at  her  leisure  and  get 
the  cumulative  effect. 

Do  not  make  the  reading  long.  Select  a few  telling 
verses  and  have  them  read  impressively. 

II.  A DISCUSSION  OF  THE  INDUSTRIAL  REV- 
OLUTION. Show  how  less  than  one  hundred  years  ago 
in  England,  France,  Germany  and  America  manufacture 
which  for  ages  had  been  done  by  hand  processes,  began  to 
be  done  in  big  factories  by  machinery.  How  the  indepen- 
dent craftsman  became  an  “operative”  in  a factory  where 
he  did  not  own  the  tools  of  his  labor  but  worked  for 
wages.  Show  how  this  change  began  to  revolutionize 
social  life  by  drawing  people  together  in  great  cities,  mak- 
ing commodities  cheaper  so  that  multitudes  could  enjoy 
them,  multiplied  the  production  of  the  individual  worker 
many  fold,  led  to  tremendous  increase  of  wealth  and  lux- 
ury. Show  along-side  with  the  very  great  gains  the  at- 
tendant evils,  e.  g.,  destroyed  personal  relations  between 
employer  and  employed,  led  to  extreme  sub-division  of 
labor  with  resultant  monotony,  mechanical  toil,  loss  of 
spirit  and  intelligence,  kept  the  worker  from  knowing 
about  anything  more  than  a fraction  of  the  thing  he  made, 
led  to  awful  struggles  between  capital  and  labor,  and  the 
loss  of  democratic  unity  of  the  state  and  community.  As 
a final  result  of  the  discussion  leave  the  impression  that 
the  Industrial  Revolution  was  inevitable,  is  bound  to  be 
universal,  and  can  be  made  a great  blessing  to  mankind. 
The  machine  which  at  first  seemed  to  be  the  enemy  to 
the  worker  can  be  made,  and  is,  his  best  friend.  When 
we  have  learned  how  to  run  the  big  mechanism  which  the 
genius  of  man  has  created  it  will  be  our  true  servant  to 


14 


release  mankind  from  the  necessity  of  unremitting  toil  in 
order  to  earn  the  daily  bread. 

Some  such  brief  review  is  needed  if  the  Industrial  Rev- 
olution now  beginning  to  affect  the  Orient  is  to  be  appre- 
ciated in  its  true  significance.  Follow  this  paper  or  ad- 
dress which  has  shown  how  both  the  East  and  West  are 
part  of  one  great  fabric  of  civilization  and  how  neither 
can  continue  to  prosper  unless  the  other  does,  by 

III. — A BRIEF  SURVEY  OF  INDUSTRIAL.CONDI- 
TIONS  AMONG  WOMEN  IN  MOSLEM  LANDS, 
INDIA  AND  CHINA,  (pp.  45-54). 

Show  that  in  all  these  lands  the  conditions,  even  exag- 
gerated, that  prevailed  in  western  lands  from  the  begin- 
ning of  factory  production  until  a very  recent  time  are 
found  in  all  their  cruelty  and  menace.  These  are  (1)  Child 
labor,  (2)  long  hours,  (3)  unsanitary  surroundings,  (4) 
low  wages.  Discuss  the  effect  that  such  conditions  have 
upon  the  physical  and  moral  welfare  of  the  nation. 

IV.  DISCUSSION:  What  factors  are  the  same  and 
what  different  in  Christian  and  non-Christian  Industrial 
Problems.  THE  SAME,  (1)  Desire  for  gain,  (2)  com- 
petitive production  and  sale,  (3)  lack  of  imagination  to 
realize  how  the  other  fellow  feels,  (4)  class  pride  and 
prejudice,  (5)  inferior  work  and  workers,  (6)  loafing  on 
the  job,  (7)  cruelty  and  oppression. 


DIFFERENT— 


Christian  Countries. 

Public  opinion  strong 
Factory  Law  comparatively 
powerful 

Social  ideals  high 
Education  widely  diffused 

i 


Non-Christian. 

Public  opinion  weak 
Factory  Law  non-existent 
or  weak 

Social  ideals  low 
Education  possession  o f 
small  number 


15 


Christian  philosophy  o f 
childhood 

Monogamy  the  ideal 

The  Church  a power 

Biblical  teachings  diffused 
Ideals  of  civil  liberty 


Childhood  universally  mis- 
prised 

Polygamy  universally  tol- 
erated 

The  Church  non-existent  or 
feeble 

Bible  teachings  unknown 

Ideals  of  despotism 


Some  such  contrast  will  show  that  if  conditions  are  as 
bad  as  we  know  them  to  be  in  spite  of  education,  Chris- 
tian ideals,  advanced  legal  systems,  and  the  whole  impact 
of  western  civilization,  they  will  become  infinitely  worse 
in  the  unsocialized,  un Christianized  Orient.  Nothing  can 
save  the  working  people  from  exploitation  except  a strong 
transforming  contact  with  Christian  ideals. 

Show  the  consequences  to  the  West  if  our  workers 
must  compete  with  those  of  an  unChristianized  Orient. 

Folio v/ing  these  general  considerations  give  a study  of 
factory  conditions  as  they  are  actually  developing  in 
Japan.  This  makes  the  best  possible  concrete  illustration 
of  the  positions  already  taken.  On  p.  55  is  an  opportunity 
to  make  a telling  chart  from  the  material  given  in  the 
first  paragraph.  The  proud  position  of  the  United  States 
there  shown  is  due  to  the  fact  that  we  come  nearer  than 
does  any  other  nation  to  paying  a wage  adequate  to  sup- 
port a family.  Wherever  wages  are  low  the  tendency  is  for 
the  wife  and  children  to  be  forced  into  the  factory  to  help 
maintain  family  life.  The  state  pays  a big  bill  of  dam- 
ages for  this  in  juvenile  crime  and  infant  mortality.  In 
showing  this  chart  urge  the  women  to  stand  by  organiza- 
tions like  the  Child  Labor  and  Consumer’s  League  which 
seek  to  protect  women  and  children.  Discuss  the  ter- 
rible menace  to  the  morale  of  Japan  contained  in  these 
16 


figures.  She  is  burning  up  her  future  in  the  lives  of  these 
young  girls. 

A party  of  travelers  could  present  these  facts,  one 
speaking  of  the  prison-like  dormitories,  another  of  the 
long  hours,  another  the  menace  to  health  and  morality, 
another  of  the  wrecks  that  emerge. 

A paper  summarizing  the  points  made  in  ANCIENT 
PEOPLES  AT  NEV/  TASKS,  Chapter  II,  might  well 
follow.  In  this  chapter  Mr.  Price  shows  the  futility  of  all 
this  waste  of  good  human  material,  and  proves  that  even 
in  a financial  way  it  is  short-sighted  and  ruinous  for  a 
nation  to  permit  overwork  and  underpay.  The  facts  he 
gives  on  pp.  45-52  are  eloquent  and  instructive  to  us  at 
home  as  well  as  for  Japan.  We  need  to  learn  that  high 
wages  may  actually,  and  usually  do,  mean  a low  labor 
cost,  and  that  low  wages  are  the  costliest  things  in  the 
world  since  all  society  has  to  pay  up  in  ill-health,  immor- 
ality and  decadence  for  that  which  the  employer  refused 
to  pay. 

The  closing  number  of  the  program  should  tie  up  the 
whole  question  to  missionary  activities.  On  pp.  76-77  of 
the  text-book  and  pp.  54-58  of  Mr.  Price’s  book  there  is 
an  array  of  significant  facts;  but  the  most  eloquent  proof 
that  Foreign  Missions  help  these  millions  of  helpless  toil- 
ers is  the  action  of  Christian  employers  like  those  noted 
on  pp.  67-70,  and  on  pp.  56-58  of  Mr.  Price’s  book.  The 
Shanghai  Press  is  another  illustration,  and  still  others 
may  be  found  in  the  files  of  THE  MISSIONARY  RE- 
VIEW OF  THE  WORLD. 


CHAPTER  III. 

“Is  woman’s  life  a sphere,  or  like  man’s,  a path?”  might 
well  be  the  question  prefaced  to  this  chapter.  After  gen- 
erations in  which  the  spherical  conception  seemed  defi- 


17 


nitely  to  triumph  the  minds  of  man-kind  are  again  on  the 
march,  and  to  the  women  of  the  world  there  are  opening 
ever  broadening  horizons. 

The  best  starting  point  from  which  to  take  a view  of 
this  inspiring  fact  is  the  Bible,  where  we  find  the  origin 
of  the  conceptions  that  are  finally  to  bring  women  as  fel- 
low heirs  with  their  brethren  within  the  kingdoms  of 
books  and  culture,  learning  and  liberty,  government  and 
religion.  From  every  one  of  these  realms,  during  most 
of  the  history  of  the  race,  women  have  been,  as  a sex, 
excluded.  Education  was  not  for  her,  or  individual  free- 
dom of  choice,  or  self-possession,  or  equality  in  religion 
or  social  intercourse  or  equality  before  the  law,  or  a 
share  in  government.  Whose  hand  set  the  doors  so  long 
shut  ajar?  The  hand  of  Jesus,  the  Redeemer. 

The  story  of  Mary  and  Martha  (Luke  X,  38-42),  of  the 
Women  of  Samaria,  (John  IV),  (his  disciples  were  sur- 
prised that  he  talked  with  a woman),  the  resurrection 
commission  to  the  v/omen  (Mark  XVI,  1-8);  Gal.  Ill, 
26-29;  Rom.  XVI  with  its  many  messages  of  comrade- 
ship and  commendation  to  women  are  all  evidences  of 
the  position  given  to  women  in  the  New  Testament. 
The  story  of  the  blessing  of  the  children  by  the  Saviour 
and  of  the  nativity  itself  have  been  mighty  influences 
at  work  in  the  heart  of  humanity  for  the  elevation  of 
both  mother  and  child. 

An  interesting  way  to  develop  this  Chapter  would  be 
by  a symposium  in  which  both  men  and  women  tell 
what  they  are  doing  to  broaden  and  deepen  the  opportu- 
nities of  Oriental  women.  If  men  cannot  be  secured  to 
help  make  this  a unique  program  which  could  be  pre- 
sented before  the  Church,  then  women  can  take  the 
parts  of  men. 

The  first  to  report  is  the  Mohammedan  gentleman. 
He  presents  the  facts  given  on  pp.  81-85,  partly  as  his 
18 


own  experience  and  in  part  as  coming  under  his  obser- 
vation, all  in  an  easy  conversational  way.  This  is  much 
better  than  if  the  facts  of  the  text-book  are  literally  set 
forth. 

A Mohammedan  lady  follows  to  tell  how  the  women 
are  helping,  pp.  85-92.  If  she  could  be  dressed  in  cos- 
tume it  would  be  effective.  Let  her  glean  the  most  in- 
teresting items  from  the  portions  covered  and  tell  them 
with  feeling  in  her  own  words. 

In  similar  fashion  the  man  of  India,  pp.  92-101,  and 
the  women  of  India,  pp.  101-109  report  changes  coming 
so  rapidly  in  India;  the  Chinese  man,  pp.  116-112,  and 
the  Chinese  woman,  pp.  112-114.  The  reports  of  the 
Japanese  man  and  woman  are  so  briefly  sketched  in  the 
text-book  that  they  need  supplementing  from  other  sources 
if  they  were  to  be  at  all  in  proportion  to  the  other 
reports.  This  could  be  easily  done  as  there  is  an  abun- 
dance of  material.  Sidney  Gulick,  “WORKING  WOMEN 
OF  JAPAN;  Nitobe,  THE  JAPANESE  NATION,  p. 
159;  Faunce,  SOCIAL  ASPECTS  OF  FOREIGN  MIS- 
SIONS, pp.  179-181;  Eddy,  NEW  ERA  IN  ASIA, 
pp.  36-55,  numerous  leaflets  issued  by  mission  boards. 
After  this  group  have  briefly  presented  their  evidence 
of  changing  ideals  on  the  part  of  both  the  men  and  the 
women  of  the  Orient  an  interesting  discussion  may  be 
held  on  the  following  topic: 

WHAT  IS  THE  MOST  IMPORTANT  CHANGE 
THAT  SEEMS  IMPENDING  IN  THE  LIFE  OF  THE 
ORIENTAL  WOMAN?  The  first  speaker  selects  EDU- 
CATION, and  shows  how  strong  is  the  tide  setting  toward 
education  and  how  inevitably  education  will  remedy  many 
evils.  The  second  mentions  ABOLITION  OF  CRAMP- 
ING CUSTOMS,  such  as  the  veil,  the  bound  foot,  con- 
cubinage, enforced  widowhood  and  child  marriage,  con- 


19 


tending  that  the  radical  removal  of  these  abuses  is  neces- 
sary before  there  can  be  growing  personal  life.  The  third 
mentions  FREER  INTERCOURSE  OUTSIDE  THEIR 
IMMEDIATE  FAMILIES  and  instances  the  purdah 
clubs  and  other  associations  of  women  in  India  as  show- 
ing what  women  can  do  if  permitted  to  co-operate  with 
other  women.  Since  the  first  speaker  has  the  strongest 
case  it  might  be  wise  to  rearrange  the  order  here  given 
lo  as  to  allow  her  to  speak  last. 

The  final  number  on  the  program  should  be  an  earaeit 
talk  based  on  pp.  117-119,  the  aim  being  to  show  that  these 
changes  are  due  directly  to  the  educational  influence  of 
missionary  institutions,  the  example  of  missionary  homes, 
and  the  widespread  penetration  of  the  Orient  by  the  prin- 
ciples of  Jesus.  In  these  principles  alone  are  found  abso- 
lute religious  equality  for  men  and  women,  civil  liberty, 
and  social  purity. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Bible  Reading,  Jer.  1,  1-10. 

The  natural  shrinking  of  inexperience  in  facing  untried 
tasks;  the  call  of  the  pioneer,  both  destructive  and  con- 
structive; necessity  to  tear  down  the  false  and  the  out- 
worn before  the  new  and  the  true  can  be  up-built.  God 
always  enables  those  whom  He  calls. 

The  Chairman  introduces  the  topic  by  making  the  fol- 
lowing points: 

We  are  to  study  in  this  Chapter  the  story  of  the  women 
who  are  blazing  new  trails  for  their  sisters  to  follow. 
Whenever  any  one,  man  or  woman,  leaves  the  beaten 
track  and  starts  off  to  discover  a new  way  criticism  must 
be  expected  and  opposition  and  difficulties.  The  price  must 
be  paid  in  suffering. 


20 


Quotes  fifth  stanza  of  Lowell’s  poem,  “Masaccio.” 
Those  who  come  after  in  the  paths  find  them  easy  be- 
cause accustomed,  made  easy  by  those  brave  pioneers  of 
the  spirit  who  have  shown  the  way.  Laura  E.  Richards 
has  beautifully  expressed  it  in  THE  GOLDEN  WIN- 
DOW in  her  brief  parable  entitled  “The  Desert.” 

What  paths  can  we  think  of  that  we  find  smooth  today 
but  our  mother’s  found  thorny,  and  who  are  some  of  the 
trail  makers  who  blazed  the  way  for  us?  As  the  presid- 
ing officer  reaches  this  point  in  her  little  speech  several 
women  must  be  prepared  to  mention  the  names  of  women 
such  as  Mary  Lyon,  in  the  path  of  higher  education; 
Elizabeth  Blackall,  in  medicine;  Elizabeth  Fry,  in  philan- 
thropy; Florence  Nightingale,  trained  nursing;  Susan  B. 
Anthony,  suffrage,  etc.,  etc. 

Today’s  lesson  deals  v/ith  that  part  of  the  world  in 
which  it  is  exceedingly  difficult  for  a woman  to  earn  her 
living  independently,  outside  her  own  home.  But  we 
shall  find  that  already  there  are  cases  of  the  Oriental 
woman  in  business.  (Introduces  first  speaker).  The  first 
speaker  gathers  together  the  instances  of  the  woman  in 
business,  pp.  125-130.  Madame  Hirooka  of  Japan  is  per- 
haps the  outstanding  figure  among  them,  and  supplemen- 
tary material  noted  elsewhere  should  be  included. 

The  second  speaker  discusses  the  Oriental  woman  as 
teacher.  A chart  on  which  the  number  of  women 
teachers  in  each  country  is  given  should  be  prepared,  or 
the  number  written  on  the  blackboard. 


WOMEN  TEACHERS  IN  THE  ORIENT. 


Persia No  government  normal  schools 

Turkey 143  normal  students 

Egypt 2 normal  schools 

21 


India 1,250  women  teachers 

China No  statistics  given 

Japan 30,000  women  teachers 


Total  population  Women  teachers  all  told  cannot  eX' 
about  800,000,000  cced  40,000 


One  woman  teacher  to  each  20,000  of  the  population. 
United  States,  population  100,000,000;  women  teachers, 
520,000;  one  woman  teacher  to  each  192  of  the  population. 
With  only  one-eighth  the  population,  the  United  States 
has  thirteen  times  as  many  women  teachers. 

Such  a chart  clearly  explained  will  make  a deep  im- 
pression regarding  the  educational  famine  among  Oriental 
women. 

After  presenting  the  chart  place  upon  the  blackboard 
the  names  of  some  famous  women  teachers: 

Lena  Sorabji  of  India. 

Lilavati  Singh  of  India. 

Ramabai  of  India. 

Ume  Tsuda  of  Japan. 

Leaflets  giving  additional  details  are  listed  elsewhere. 

The  speaker  presenting  the  women  writers  can  make  a 
fascinating  sketch.  She  may  begin  by  calling  to  mind 
the  odium  and  ridicule  that  attached  itself  to  the  woman 
writer  less  than  a century  ago  in  England  and  America, 
and  instance  the  splendid  way  in  which  women  have 
added  their  contribution  to  English  literature.  This  is 
followed  by  brief  vivid  pen  pictures  of  several  of  the 
writers  mentioned. 

Halideh  Hanoum  is  the  outstanding  Moslem  woman. 
The  term  ‘Hanoum’  simply  means  Madame.  It  follows 
the  surname  as  does  the  similar  term  “San”  in  Japanese 
and  the  “bai”  affixed  to  an  Indian  woman’s  name.  Salih 


22 


is  the  married  surname  of  this  gifted  woman  who  is 
however,  usually  spoken  of  by  her  maiden  name,  Halideh. 

The  sketch  of  Sarojini  Naidu  should  be  given  by  one 
who  can  read  or  recite  effectively  the  quotation  from  her 
poems  given  on  page  146. 

The  next  speaker  presents  the  women  physicians  of  the 
Orient.  Here  is  an  opportunity  for  another  chart  or  dia- 
gram. In  the  United  States  there  is  one  physician  to 
every  600  people;  in  the  Orient  as  a whole  there  is  not 
one  physician  to  every  million,  and  it  is  a favored  locality 
indeed  which  has  one  to  60,000.  Now  women,  because  of 
the  conventions  and  prejudices  of  Oriental  life,  are  the 
most  terrible  sufferers  through  this  medical  lack,  for  most 
of  those  doctors  are  men,  and  most  Oriental  women  are 
not  permitted  to  be  attended  by  male  physicians.  Hence 
the  basic  importance  of  the  woman  physician. 

After  bringing  out  the  facts  mentioned  in  the  text-book 
regarding  the  need,  it  would  be  well  to  fix  the  personality 
of  several  very  remarkable  Chinese  women  physicians. 
Those  who  are  mentioned  on  p.  156.  See  list  of  leaflets. 

The  trained  nurse,  too,  should  not  be  forgotten,  as  her 
education  is  one  of  the  most  important  enterprises  of  our 
missionary  hospitals.  Call  special  attention  to  the  work 
of  Japanese  Red  Cross  nurses,  p.  159-160. 

The  paragraph  about  the  Oriental  woman  lawyer  is  not 
long,  but  should  at  least  be  mentioned.  The  Miss  Sorabji 
alluded  to  is  one  of  a remarkable  family  of  sisters,  two  of 
v/hom  are  mentioned  on  pp.  134  and  135.  She  was  made 
the  legal  guardian  of  the  young  heiresses  who  were 
orphaned  and  needed  the  protection  of  the  government 
lest  unscrupulous  relatives  robbed  them  of  their  fortunes. 
Several  years  ago  Miss  Sorabji  had  about  three  hundred 
of  these  young  girls  under  her  protection. 

Since  the  story  of  Ramabai  has  been  so  often  presented 
it  would  be  better  in  discussing  the  Oriental  woman  in 

23 


social  service  and  philanthropy  to  mention  Miss  Kap- 
rielian  and  Mrs.  Cheo  as  examples  of  what  hundreds  of 
others  are  undertaking. 

The  loveliest  section  of  the  whole  Chapter  is  the  ac- 
count of  two  Christian  Social  Experiments,  since  here  we 
get  a glimpse  of  the  spirit  which  Oriental  women  have 
seen  “tabernacled  among  them”  and  have  longed  to  ex- 
hibit in  their  own  lives.  Let  the  meeting  close  with  a 
sympathetic  presentation  of  the  work  of  Miss  Bullard  in 
India  and  Miss  Bonnell  in  China,  pp.  164-166. 


CHAPTER  V. 

Where  there  is  difficulty  in  securing  time  in  which  to 
give  six  programs  on  the  book.  Chapter  V may  be  com- 
bined with  Chapter  IV,  but  if,  as  is  to  be  desired,  there 
are  to  be  six  programs  this  is  one  which  can  be  treated 
in  a somewhat  different  manner  from  the  others.  Let  the 
patriotic  note  be  dominant — if  possible  have  flag  decora- 
tions of  many  nations.  Let  America  receive  the  women 
of  other  lauids.  If  America  can  be  clad  in  her  splendid 
draperies  of  the  red,  white  and  blue,  and  seated  on  a 
raised  platform,  the  presentation  can  be  carried  on  in  a 
more  effective  way.  If  possible  have  the  women  of  the 
nations  in  costume  and  let  each  carry  her  own  flag. 

AMERICA.  “In  these  wonderful  and  terrible  days  of 
war  all  women  are  going  to  a stem  but  glorious  school. 
To  our  private  loves  we  are  adding  the  great  love  of  com- 
munity and  country.  To  our  personal  “busy  nesses”  and 
undertakings  we  are  adding  the  concern  for  public  welfare. 
To  our  work  for  home  we  are  adding  our  toil  for  others. 
Never  can  we  go  back  again  within  the  pleasant  palings 
of  our  white  fence  of  conventions  and  custom  where  we 


24 


sat  contented  if  our  own  were  safe  and  sheltered.  We  have 
shared  in  the  warfare  for  the  common  good.  We  have 
learned  the  dear  love  of  comrades  in  a cause.  We  are 
eager  to  learn  more  perfectly  the  art  of  co-operating  to- 
gether for  the  welfare  of  the  whole.” 

HERALD.  “Spirit  of  America,  there  stand  waiting  at 
your  door  women  from  other  lands  who  bring  you  greet- 
ings. Shall  I give  them  speech  with  you?” 

AMERICA.  “Summon  them.  Herald,  perhaps  they  too 
have  been  to  this  great  and  terrible  school.” 

HERALD  leads  forward  Persia,  and  announces  her  by 
name. 

PERSIA.  “We,  the  women  of  Persia,  have  awakened 
from  a long  sleep  behind  the  barred  seclusion  of  our 
homes.  Patriotism  drove  us  from  them  in  the  blood- 
stained days  of  the  revolution.  We  stripped  our  jewels  from 
our  arms  and  sent  them  to  the  National  Assembly,  say- 
ing, ‘We  are  women  and  cannot  fight,  but  these  we  give 
to  our  country.’  During  the  darkest  days  when  Russia’s 
terrible  ultimatum  threatened  the  very  existence  of  our 
nation’s  life,  and  the  National  Assembly  seemed  likely  to 
yield  since  there  were  neither  men  nor  arms  nor  funds 
with  which  to  resist  the  ruthless  demands  of  the  despotic 
Russian  government,  we,  the  women  of  Persia,  broke  from 
the  seclusion  of  our  homes,  three  hundred  of  the  veiled 
women  of  the  harems,  marched  to  the  Assembly  and  de- 
manded admission.  We  tore  the  veils  from  our  faces  and 
told  the  astonished  deputies  that  with  our  own  hands 
would  we  kill  our  husbands  and  sons  if  they  betrayed  their 
country  by  surrender. 

“Alas,  our  sacrifice  of  womanly  dignity  was  in  vain, 
the  foe  triumphed  over  prostrate  Persia,  but  we  have  never 


23 


gone  back  into  the  old  careless,  selfish  life.  Schools,  even 
schools  for  girls,  we  are  establishing  that  we,  the  women 
of  Persia,  may  learn  how  to  rebuild  her  free  and  strong.” 

The  herald  leads  Persia  to  the  right  of  the  platform 
and  brings  in  Turkey,  whom  she  introduces. 

TURKEY.  “Turkish  women  too,  are  learning  to  work 
together  in  many  practical  ways.  We  were  the  mes- 
sengers who  carried  important  state  papers  from 
harem  to  harem  during  the  days  of  the  Revolution;  since 
no  Moslem  woman  may  ever  be  searched,  we  best  could 
carry  on  this  difficult  work.  In  a great  mass  meeting  of 
ten  thousand  women, — think  of  it,  a women’s  mass  meet- 
ing in  Turkey! — we  raised  funds  for  the  campaign  against 
Adrianople. 

“Since  the  Revolution  we  have  organized  a great  So- 
ciety in  which  we  study  English  in  order  that  we  may 
be  able  to  translate  English  books  into  Turkish  for  the 
help  of  the  women  of  Turkey.  There  is  another  organi- 
zation in  Constantinople  which  has  set  very  practical  aims 
for  itself.  They  are  quite  ambitious  too.  Let  me  read 
the  seven  aims,  (p.  173).  I know  that  you  will  agree 
with  me  that  some  big  reforms  will  be  easier  for  us  to 
bring  about  than  the  reform  in  dress,  but  the  veil  simply 
has  to  go!  We,  too,  are  most  anxious  to  see  schools  for 
girls  established.” 

HERALD  leads  Turkish  lady  to  a place  beside  Persia 
and  presents  INDIA.  As  each  country  is  presented  Amer- 
ica should  say  a gracious  word  of  welcome. 

INDIA.  “In  far  away  India  where  live  one-fifth  of  all 
the  women  of  the  globe,  we  too  have  felt  a new  stir  of 
life.  I cannot  better  express  it  than  in  the  words  of  our 
gifted  poet,  Sarojini  Naidu.  (Quotes  from  last  paragraph 
of  p.  174). 

26 


“We  are  even  attending  public  meetings  and  addressing 
mixed  audiences  of  men  and  women  to  urge  the  passage 
of  a bill  for  the  protection  of  minor  girls.  Even  our 
ladies  of  highest  rank,  who  cannot  come  out  from  their 
strict  seclusion,  have  met  together  in  the  palace  of  Lady 
Alishah,  five  thousand  of  them,  to  affirm  their  patriotism 
and  loyalty  to  the  Empire. 

“We  have  proved  that  some  of  us  can  vote  at  municipal 
elections,  and  now  and  then  one  of  our  number  has 
been  appointed  to  civil  office.  But  it  is  the  sacrifices  of 
the  war  which  have  drawn  us  together  out  of  our  isolated 
lives  as  never  before.  In  our  great  cities  Hindu,  Moham- 
medan, Parsee  and  Christian  women  are  meeting  to- 
gether to  sew  for  the  Red  Cross,  women  who  never  had 
any  intercourse  with  those  of  another  faith  before. 

“We  are  learning  to  face  our  country’s  problems  to- 
gether as  we  meet  in  clubs  and  conference.  We  are  urg- 
ing the  education  of  our  girls  upon  the  government,  we 
are  meeting  to  protest  against  gambling  and  kindred  vices. 

“I  cannot  tell  you  of  the  social  service  clubs  that  are 
springing  up  in  cities  like  Bombay  and  Lahore.  You  can- 
not overestimate  the  importance  of  these  to  us.  (Quotes 
Mrs.  Fleming,  p.  182). 

“In  closing  let  me  quote  what  one  of  our  leading  In- 
dian women,  Mrs.  Ranade  of  Bombay’s  big  club,  THE 
SEVA  SEDAN,  has  said  in  a recent  speech  to  widows. 
(Quotes  from  p.  185).  This  shows  you  how  great  a spirit 
is  moving  India’s  women.” 

The  Chinese  lady  after  being  presented,  as  were  the 
others,  says: 

“I  come  to  you  with  greetings  from  the  women  of  the 
vast  Republic  of  China.  For  centuries  we  have  had  bound 
feet  and  bound  minds  and  been  dubbed  ‘The  creatures  of 
the  inner  apartment,’  but  the  Revolution  blew  open  our 

27 


doors  like  a mighty  hurricane.  We  did  not  know  what 
the  love  of  country  meant  until  we  learned  it  in  those 
great  days.  We  held  meetings  where  we  poured  out  our 
jewels  for  the  common  cause.  We  organized  benefit  per- 
formances, we  made  house  to  house  visits,  we  sewed  on 
Red  Cross  garments. 

“Dr.  Chang,  one  of  our  women  physicians,  organized  a 
little  volunteer  group  of  us  and  proceeded  to  the  Hankow 
battlefield  where  she  operated  and  we  worked  on  the  open 
battlefield  for  the  wounded  and  hungry  men,  often  hungry 
ourselves. 

“We  have  organized  anti-foot  binding  societies  under 
the  inspiration  of  the  missionaries,  and  are  pressing  to  do 
away  with  this  foolish,  harmful  custom.  We  have  held 
meetings  to  protect  against  opium  and  the  cigarette  evil 
which  unscrupulous  Americans  are  trying  to  foist  upon 
us.  We  are  even  dreaming  of  political  rights,  some  of 
us.  I am  most  proud,  however,  to  tell  you  of  the  Social 
Service  League  of  Changsha,  as  that  is  the  finest  expres- 
sion of  our  new  spirit  of  co-operation,  (quotes  from  p.  192- 
196,  briefly). 

“You  in  a Christian  country  can  have  little  concep- 
tion of  the  depth  of  our  need  for  this  sort  of  service.  One 
of  the  members  of  the  Shanghai  League  said,  (quotes 
from  p.  197-198).” 

JAPAN,  upon  being  introduced,  says:  “That  the  love 
of  country  is  the  greatest  of  all  virtues  has  long  been  bred 
in  our  very  bones;  so  perhaps  it  was  to  be  expected  that 
we  women  of  Japan  should  eagerly  co-operate  for  the 
common  good.  During  the  war  with  Russia  we  met  every 
train  load  of  soldiers  on  their  way  to  the  front.  School 
girls  gave  up  dessert  to  swell  the  war  fund,  rolled 
bandages  and  prepared  comfort  bags.  We  have  a Red 
Cross  Ladies’  Nursing  Association  with  ten  thousand 
28 


members,  and  five  hundred  thousand  in  the  Women’s 
Patriotic  League.  The  purpose  of  the  league  is  to  give 
help  to  wounded  soldiers. 

“We  are  very  proud  over  the  record  of  our  W.  C.  T.  U. 
modeled  after  yours  in  America.  We  have  five  thousand 
members,  publish  two  magazines,  and  conduct  a Rescue 
Home.” 

After  Japan  has  made  her  ceremonial  bow  and  joined 
her  sisters  at  the  right,  AMERICA  says: 

“We  have  listened  with  delight  to  the  story  of  what 
you  are  accomplishing,  and  I am  wondering  if  you  also 
have  an  organization  of  which  we  in  America  are  very 
proud,  I mean  the  Young  Woman’s  Christian  Associa- 
tion?” 

CHINA,  JAPAN  AND  INDIA,  speaking  together, 
“Indeed  we  have.” 

INDIA.  “We  have  strong  associations  in  some  of  our 
great  cities  like  Madras,  Bombay  and  Calcutta  and  the 
work  is  quite  like  your  own.” 

CHINA.  “The  Young  Woman’s  Christian  Association 
cannot  establish  local  associations  fast  enough  to  meet  the 
demand.  Chinese  women  form  the  Boards  of  Directors, 
and  solicit  funds  quite  as  you  do  in  America.  Then  the 
Bible  study  and  Evangelistic  work  among  the  women  stu- 
dents is  really  wonderful.” 

JAPAN.  “We  have  a national  secretary.  Miss  Michi 
Kawai,  one  of  the  most  gifted  and  consecrated  women  in 
Japan.  Our  students  think  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.  summer  con- 
ferences are  just  as  wonderful  as  your  girls  think  North- 
field.” 

AMERICA.  “In  the  name  of  all  these  Christian  women 
here  assembled  I thank  you  for  the  cheer  which  your 


reports  have  brought  us,  and  I ask  you  to  join  with  us 
in  the  great  hymn  in  which  all  women  everywhere  can 
unite  to  bring  in  the  Kingdom  of  Love  and  Light.” 

All  sing  “We’ve  a Story  to  Tell  to  the  Nations.” 


CHAPTER  VI. 

The  sixth  Chapter  offers  a splendid  opportunity  to  re- 
late Christian  unity  to  the  cause  of  missions.  Christ’s 
prayer  that  all  may  be  one  in  order  that  the  world  may 
believe  that  God  has  sent  Him  is  finding  one  of  its  strong 
buttresses  in  Foreign  Missions.  In  the  presence  of  a 
united  heathenism  the  divisions  of  Christiandom  sink  into 
their  relative  unimportance.  In  order  to  win  the  world 
for  Christ,  missionaries  see  that  isolated  action  is  not 
enough,  but  there  must  be  allied  strategy  and  unified 
policies. 

Our  Chapter  deals  with  the  field  of  education, — general 
and  medical.  Place  upon  a chart  or  on  the  blackboard,  the 
list  of  the  Colleges,  and  institutions  of  higher  learning  in 
which  Women’s  Foreign  Mission  Boards  are  co-operating. 
Let  there  be  a map  of  the  world  on  which  these  schools 
are  located  by  placing  a star  or  flag  as  each  is  mentioned. 

The  Bible  reading  might  have  added  to  the  passage 
which  Miss  Burton  suggests,  Christ’s  prayer  for  Christian 
unity,  John  17,  18-21,  and  the  thought  might  be  empha- 
sized by  the  leader.  The  hymns  too  might  be  selected 
with  the  same  thought  in  mind. 

Open  the  topic  with  a discussion  on  the  reasons  for 
Union  Schools  in  Higher  Education.  Several  may  parti- 
cipate in  this.  Among  the  reasons  to  be  given  are: 

1.  Very  small  number  of  women  students  ready  for 
higher  education  in  each  mission,  and  improbability 


30 


of  the  number  being  large  enough  to  justify  separate 
colleges  for  years  to  come. 

2.  Great  economy  of  Union  Institutions.  A student  body 
of  twenty  requires  same  library,  laboratories,  and 
equipment,  as  a much  larger  body,  and  must  have 
same  departments  represented  in  the  faculty  of  the 
College. 

3.  Economy  in  Missionary  personnel.  Not  right  to 
use  up  time  of  a dozen  Missionary  teachers  on  two 
dozen  pupils  when  in  Union  School  they  could  teach 
a hundred. 

4.  Economy  in  funds,  overlapping  in  the  creation  of 
more  buildings,  campuses,  etc.,  than  are  needed  is  un- 
justifiable. 

5.  Gain  to  the  student  in  belonging  to  a College  body 
large  enough  to  be  inspiring. 

6.  Gain  in  increased  respect  of  the  non-Christian  com- 
munity and  their  pride  in  a worth-while  institution. 

7.  Gain  in  spiritual  power  through  fulfillment  of  Christ’s 
prayer  for  unity. 

8.  A better  faculty,  because  of  ability  of  strong  college 
to  attract  more  able  men  and  women. 

9.  It  has  been  found  by  experience  that  the  students  of 
these  Union  Institutions  return  to  be  more  valuable 
members  of  the  denomination  to  which  they  belong 
and  better  qualified  for  a broad  and  generous  leader- 
ship. 

Following  this  general  presentation  have  seven  young 

women  in  caps  and  gown  speak  as  alumnae  of  the  insti- 
tutions mentioned  in  the  text,  under  the  caption: 

“Why  I Love  my  Alma  Mater.” 


31 


Let  each  use  the  same  formula  in  beginning  her  brief 
talk,  e.  g.,  “I  love  Ginling,  My  Alma  Mater,  because,”  etc., 
etc.  Each  should  use  the  material  of  the  text-book  freely 
putting  it  into  narrative  and  personal  form.  Material  about 
Tokyo,  available  since  the  book  was  published  has  been 
published  in  the  MISSIONARY  REVIEW  OF  THE 
WORLD.  This  college  opened  with  the  surprisingly 
large  entrance  class  numbering  78.  It  has  a Japanese  pres- 
ident and  dean,  the  first  college  to  be  thus  officered  by 
those  of  its  own  nationality. 

Following  this  presentation  let  the  “Sister  College  Idea” 
be  explained.  This  term  was  first  given  currency  by  the 
Woman’s  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church.  It  means  the  organized  work  by  which 
the  Board  seeks  to  interest  the  students  of  its  denom- 
inational colleges  in  this  country  with  one  of  the  col- 
leges which  the  Society  helps  to  sustain  abroad.  Each 
college  group  adopts  a “sister  college,”  takes  a share  in 
supporting  it,  corresponds  with  the  foreign  student  body, 
receives  interesting  items  of  news,  exchanges  college  pa- 
pers, etc.,  etc.  The  idea  has  spread  beyond  the  denom- 
inational college,  so  that  Smith  has  adopted  Ginling  as 
Sister  College  and  Vassar  is  Sister  to  Canton. 

Close  the  meeting  with  the  spirited  challenge  with  which 
Miss  Burton  ends  her  book,  pp.  224-228.  Let  this  be  com- 
mitted to  memory  and  given  by  a high  school  or  college 
girl,  if  possible,  if  not  let  it  be  read  with  vividness  and 
conviction. 


PRAYER  AND  THE  STUDY. 

Any  program  which  fails  to  call  out  prayer  is  more  or 
less  inadequate.  The  formal  prayer  at  the  beginning  of  a 
meeting  is  not  what  is  wanted,  but  a prayer  which  grows 
32 


out  of  the  facts  presented.  Why  not  have  a program  flex- 
ible enough  so  that  when  a need  or  a glorious  oppor- 
tunity has  just  been  presented  we  could  pause  right  then 
and  there  to  offer  a brief  heart-felt  prayer  of  real  desire. 
Enlist  a group  of  women  who,  because  of  age,  ill-health, 
or  other  reason,  are  prevented  from  attending  the  mis- 
sionary meeting  to  pray  while  the  meeting  is  in  progress 
that  it  may  be  full  of  spiritual  power.  Let  them  know 
the  names  of  those  taking  part  so  that  they  can  pray  for 
each.  Organize  the  prayer  preparation,  participation,  and 
follow  up  work  with  greater  care  even  than  that  expended 
upon  the  rest  of  the  program. 


A COLLECTION  OF  LEAFLETS. 

An  admirable  method  of  supplementing  the  study  of  the 
text-book  is  by  means  of  the  interesting  leaflets  published 
by  the  different  Boards.  Space  forbids  the  mention  of 
more  than  a very  few  out  of  the  wealth  of  material.  These 
can  be  used  either  as  additional  program  material,  or  can 
be  made  into  little  pockets,  enclosed  in  attractively  let- 
tered envelopes,  and  circulated  as  home  reading  material. 
After  the  address  of  a Board  has  been  given  once  it  will 
only  be  indicated  by  initials  when  leaflets  published  by  it 
are  mentioned  in  the  following  lists: 


CHAPTER  I. 

The  Host  in  the  Hut,  (.03) ; The  Call  of  the  Dark  For- 
est, (.02) ; Other  Children,  (.02) ; Nana,  the  Mother,  (.02) ; 
(all  these  by  Jean  Mackenzie),  Old  Wang  and  Happy 
Night,  (.05);  Girlhood  Days  in  India,  (.03);  WOMAN’S 
BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS  (PRESBYTER- 
IAN), Room  818,  156  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  City. 


33. 


Not  Half  Has  Ever  Been  Told  (hymn),  (.05);  The  Idol 
in  the  Wall,  (.02);  Japanese  Women  I Have  Known, 
(.10);  The  Hands  that  Rock  the  Cradles  of  the  World, 
poem),  (.02);  GENERAL  LITERATURE  COMMIT- 
TEE WOMAN’S  MISSIONARY  SOCIETIES  (LUTH- 
ERAN), Columbia,  S.  C. 

A Brahman  Widow,  (.01);  Double  Wedding  in  India, 
(.02);  Only  a Hindu  Widow,  (.01);  WOMAN’S  MIS- 
SIONARY SOCIETY,  LUTHERAN  COUNCIL,  Room 
805,  Drexel  Building,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Women  Workers  of  Mesopotamia,  (.05);  WOMAN’S 
BOARD  FOREIGN  MISSIONS,  R.  C.  A.,  25  East  22nd 
St.,  New  York  City. 

Moslem  V/omanhood  in  India  and  Turkey,  (.05);  Bet- 
ter Babies,  (.05) ; Making  the  Home  Makers  of  Africa, 
(.05);  WOMAN’S  BOARD  OF  MISSIONS,  Congrega- 
tional House,  Beacon  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Chinese  Snap  Shots,  (.10) ; Philippine  Stories,  (.10) ; 
Ping  Kna,  Story  of  a Girl  of  Cathay,  (.34) ; The  Little 
Widow  Premi,  (.15);  WOMAN’S  FOREIGN  MISSION- 
ARY SOCIETY,  (METHODIST-EPISCOPAL)  581 
Boylston  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Every  Day  Life  in  China,  Late  Newness  of  Life,  (prices 
not  given,  probably  10  cents  and  3 cents),  GENERAL 
LITERATURE  COMMITTEE  (LUTHERAN),  105 
East  21st  St.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

What  is  a Zenana  and  Who  Lives  in  it?  (.01) ; Woman’s 
Rights  in  India,  (.02) ; Bridal  Pictures,  (.03) ; Motherhood 
in  Heathen  Lands,  (.02);  Two  Japanese  Silhouettes,  (.03); 
WOMAN’S  AMERICAN  BAPTIST  FOREIGN  MIS- 
SION SOCIETY,  450  East  30th  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

34 


CHAPTER  II. 


Girls!  A Word  Before  You  Invest,  (.03);  Children 
Wage  Earners  in  India,  (.02);  Our  Neighbor,  Japan,  (.15); 
WOMAN’S  AMERICAN  BOARD  FOREIGN  MIS- 
SIONARY SOCIETY,  450  East  30th  St,  Chicago. 

Japan  Today,  (.25) ; National  Board  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  600 
Lexington  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

The  Case  of  Tomita  San,  (.02);  An  Amazon  in  Cathay, 
(.02);  Lace  Makers  of  Pakur,  (.05);  W.  F.  M.  S.  (Meth.- 
Epis.),  581  Boylston  St.,  Boston. 


CHAPTER  III.  ^ 

Woman’s  Progress  in  Japan,  (.03) ; School  Girl  and  Col- 
lege Woman  in  China,  (.03) ; Education  of  Chinese  Wo- 
men, (.02);  W.  B.  F.  M.  (Presbyterian),  156  Fifth  Ave., 
New  York  City. 

Kindergarten,  A Factor  in  Missionary  Work,  (.02); 
Tshumbiri,  African  Boarding  School,  (.03) ; Satriburi, 
(Boarding  School  for  Girls,  Assam),  (.03);  Century  Line 
in  Moulmein,  (.05);  How  Long  Must  I Wait,  (.02);  Chi- 
nese Womanhood  Today,  (.05);  W.  A.  B.  F.  M.  S.,  450 
East  30th  St.,  Chicago. 

Transformations  in  Chinese  Schools,  (.05);  Plum  Blos- 
som School  (Japan),  (.05) ; Teaching  Christianity  in 
Japan,  (.05) ; The  Gift  of  Light  at  Inanda  Seminary  (free) ; 
W.  B.  M.  (Cong.),  14  Beacon  St,  Boston. 

A Beng,  The  Bible  Woman,  (.02) ; A Chinese  Pollyana, 
(.02) ; A Heroine  in  Peace  and  War,  (.02) ; The  Story  of 
Lan  Kuei  Yin,  (.02);  W.  B.  F.  M.  (Meth.),  581  Boylston 
St,  Boston. 


35 


CHAPTER  IV. 


India’s  Women  Finding  Themselves,  (.03);  Chinese 
Biblewoman,  (.02);  New  Woman  in  Persia,  (.05);  W.  F. 
M.  S.  (Pres.),  501  Witherspoon  Bldg.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Life  Stories  of  Native  Helpers,  (.10) ; A Student  Witness 
for  Christ,  (free);  The  New  Women  of  the  Orient,  (.05); 
Our  Eastern  Service  Front,  (free);  W.  B.  M.  (Cong.),  14 
Beacon  St.,  Boston, 

Hu  King  Eng,  (.02) ; Ida  Kahn,  (.02) ; Li  Bi  Cu.,  (.02) ; 
Dr.  Mary  Stone,  (.02) ; Lilavati  Singh,  (.02) ; She  Careth, 
(.02);  Esther  Kim  Pak,  (.03);  W.  F.  M.  S.  (Meth.-Epis.), 
581  Boylston  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Mme.  Hirooka,  a Japanese  Banker,  (.01);  The  Hidden 
Seed,  (.02);  W.  B.  F.  M.  S.  (Bap.),  450  East  30th  St.,  Chi- 
cago. 

The  Healing  Art  in  India,  (price  not  given,  probably 
.10),  (excellent);  Medical  Missions  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  China,  (.03) ; Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  Rep. 
Ch.  in  America,  253  East  22nd  St.,  New  York  City. 

When  a Little  Prince  Came  to  the  Hospital,  (.02) ; 
The  Opening  of  the  Little  Green  Door,  (.02) ; How  Much 
Do  You  Care?  (.02);  The  Closed  Gate,  (.02);  Three 
Knocks  that  Summoned  in  the  Night,  (.02) ; Co-operative 
Lit.  Com.  Worn.  Miss.  Soc.  (Lutheran),  844  Drexel  Bldg., 
Philadelphia,  Pa- 

Pen  Pictures  Women’s  Medical  Work  in  Busrah,  (free); 
Woman’s  Missionary  Society,  Reformed  Church  Building, 
15th  and  Race  Sts.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


36 


CHAPTER  V. 


As  It  Is  Today  in  India  (Lahore  Purdah  Club),  (.05); 
W.  B.  F.  M.  (Pres.),  156  Fifth  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

Out  of  Joy  Field,  (.03) ; Itinerating  with  Jennie  Hughes 
and  Dr.  Stone,  (.05);  W,  B.  F.  M.  (Meth.-Epis.),  581 
Boylston  St.  Boston. 

Ahmednagar  Girls  at  Work  and  at  Play  (free);  W.  B. 
M.,  Congregational  House,  Beacon  St.,  Boston. 

My  Life’s  Story,  (.02) ; What  Love  Brought  to  George 
Rike,  (.02);  Da  Satchea,  (.02);  What  Christ  Did  for  Take- 
jiro  Ishiguro,  (.02);  Woman’s  Missionary  Association, 
(United  Brethren),  406  Otterbein  Press  Bldg.,  Dayton, 
Ohio. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Woman’s  Christian  College,  Madras,  (.10),  and  leaflets 
soon  to  be  published  regarding  Ginling,  Tokyo,  Vellore 
and  other  Union  Institutions  may  be  ordered  from  M.  H. 
Leavis,  West  Medford,  Mass. 

Isabella  V/oburn  Auxiliary,  (.10),  Committee  handbook 
regarding  co-operating  of  College  women  in  support  of  one 
of  these  Oriental  Colleges.  Ideas  useful  for  similar  work 
in  aid  of  other  institutions.  W.  B.  F.  M.  (Meth.),  581 
Boylston  St,  Boston. 

The  Unconquerable  Hope,  (.03),  (reprint  from  Atlantic 
Monthly) ; Sowing  Prayers  in  America,  Reaping  Souls  in 
India,  (.02);  A Place  Safe  Enough  for  Your  Money,  (.02); 
Opportunities  that  Sail  Back,  (.02);  What  God  Has  Said 
of  Prayer,  (.02),  (a  prayer  list  blank).  Coop.  Lit.  Com. 
Worn.  Miss.  Soc.  (Lutheran),  Columbia,  S.  C. 


37 


Foreign  Missions  and  America’s  World  Program,  (.05); 
War  and  the  Nations  Larger  Call  to  World  Evangelism, 
Speer,  (.10);  W.  B.  F.  M.  (Pres.),  156  Fifth  Ave.,  New 
York  City. 

All  the  World  One  Neighborhood,  (.05);  Orient  and 
Opportunity,  (.05) ; Responsibility  of  Not  Doing,  (.02) ; 
W.  A.  B.  F.  M.  S.,  450  East  30th  St.,  Chicago. 


38 


tHE  UON)S  SHARE  of  the  WEARINESS 
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41 


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43 


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44 


ChapH. 


THE  KEYS  TO  SUCCESS 
OF  THE  CHRISTIAN  MOVEMENT 


CHARTS  FOR  “WOMEN  WORKERS  OF  THE 
ORIENT.” 

By  Edith  P.  Thomson. 

Since  standardization  of  parts  is  the  cry  of  the  hour  in 
the  business  world,  the  women  who  turn  to  these  pages 
year  after  year  in  search  of  chart  suggestions  may  not 
take  it  amiss  to  find  a reiteration  of  certain  standard 
elements  in  chart  planning  and  chart  making.  How  shall 
we  go  to  work  to  plan  charts  of  our  own  if  those  chosen 
here  do  not  fit  into  our  programs?  What  facts  shall  we 
put  into  charts?  What  shall  be  our  standard  chart  mate- 
rials? 

Perhaps  we  might  safely  lay  down  three  general  rules 
on  the  intellectual  side  of  chart  making  as  a guide  in 
planning  if  any  woman  would  be  her  own  chart  maker. 
1.  Seek  to  embody  some  central  theme  of  the  lesson  or 
chapter,  or,  2.  Seek  to  summarize,  and  give  the  conclu- 
sion of  a number  of  teachings.  3.  Reduce  statistics,  or 
any  array  of  figures  having  special  significance  in  the 
lesson,  to  some  sort  of  diagram  or  simple  picture,  for 
otherwise  these  are  likely  to  roll  off  the  memory  as  easily 
as  the  proverbial  water  off  a duck’s  back. 

To  illustrate  our  meaning  let  us  refer  to  the  charts  pic- 
tured in  the  accompanying  cuts.  That  entitled  “When 
Civilization  Outruns  Christianity”  for  Chapter  II  might 
serve  as  an  example  of  all  three  of  these  standard  pur- 
poses of  the  chart,  if  we  may  so  call  them,  set  forth  in  one. 
It  visualizes  statistics.  It  embodies  the  theme  of  the 
chapter,  namely,  the  unhappy  living  conditions  of  Orien- 
tal wage-earners.  It  summarizes  several  outstanding 
46 


evils  BO  as  to  emphasize  a conclusion  to  be  drawn,  which 
is  in  this  case  the  fearful  menace  to  a nation’s  life  whose 
material  progress  lacks  the  leaven  of  a Christianized  pub- 
lic opinion,  and  spiritual  ideals.  But  a chart  usually  can 
emphasize  well  only  one  thought,  at  a time,  and  the  chart 
presentation  of  this  chapter  would  be  more  complete  if 
another  chart  were  made  to  show  contrasting  conditions 
in  Christian  factories  such  as  that  one  described  on  page 
68  of  the  text-book. 

In  Chapter  VI  there  are  no  statistics  for  a working 
basis,  but  in  the  chart  “Keys  to  Success”  (see  cut),  we 
can  both  state  the  theme,  and  summarize  the  topics  of 
the  chapter,  emphasizing  instead  of  statistics  a list  of 
names,  those  of  the  colleges,  which  is  vitally  important. 
Chapter  III  has  neither  statistics  nor  as  inclusive  a list 
of  names  to  gather  into  a single  presentation,  as  Chapter 
VI  offers,  but  it  is  full  of  quotable,  picturesque  sentences, 
one  of  which  suggested  the  chart  of  the  cut  “The  Shin- 
ing Dream,”  because  this  sentence  gave  opportunity  both 
to  embody  the  theme,  that  is,  the  new  vision  of  life  and 
its  possibilities  opening  before  Oriental  women,  and  to 
get  in  at  least  a bit  of  a summary  of  conditions  that  are 
typical,  in  the  legends  printed  as  reflections  in  the  pool. 
(See  cut). 

Thus,  whatever  the  program  or  missionary  lesson  to  be 
treated,  in  just  this  way  select  what  seems  to  be  a lead- 
ing theme,  list  the  significant  statistics,  names  or  topics, 
and  you  will  have  your  basis  for  a chart  presentation. 
Get  into  the  habit  of  doing  this,  and  see  if  it  does  not 
prove  a fascinating  study  and  give  one  a wonderfully  good 
grip  on  the  whole  subject  into  the  bargain! 

Once  in  possession  of  the  ideas  the  next  step  will  be 
Mechanical  Details.  For  simple  charts  to  be  used  only 
once  or  twice  the  best  standard  materials  are  such  as  have 
already  been  listed  in  this  manual  in  former  years.  Sheets 

47 


of  manila  paper.  A flat  pen,  like  a very  broad  stub,  for 
lettering,  with  a bottle  of  Higgins’  India  Ink  in  black  and 
one  in  red.  A box  of  Rubens’  Crayola  or  other  colored 
crayons.  If  the  patterns  offered  here  below  are  used  for 
reproduction  of  the  charts  given  in  the  accompanying  cuts, 
add  to  the  outfit  a few  sheets  of  carbon  paper  or  graphite 
paper  for  tracing.  In  doing  the  tracing  use  the  end  of  a 
pen-holder  or  something  not  too  sharp  which  is  apt  to 
break  through  the  tracing  pattern.  For  charts  on  cloth, 
sets  of  rubber  stamp  letters  with  stamping  ink  are  most 
convenient.  All  crayon  work  on  cloth  should  be  pressed 
on  the  wrong  side  quickly  with  a moderate  iron  to  re- 
move the  loose  surface  wax,  and  to  avoid  smutting. 

Keep  a file  of  striking  pictures  cut  from  advertisements 
or  from  missionary  periodicals  to  make  up  posters  and 
smaller  paper  charts.  An  ordinary  letter-file  box  will 
prove  a great  convenience  for  this  purpose  if  you  remove 
a few  of  the  index  sheets  and  replace  the  guide  letters  of 
the  alphabet  on  the  sheets  used  by  the  names  of  countries 
or  subjects,  as  for  example,  Africa,  Medical  Schools, 
Portraits,  etc. 

With  the  exception  of  the  chart  showing  the  group  of 
factory  girls,  for  Chapter  II  which  is  45  inches  wide,  all 
the  originals  of  the  accompanying  cuts  are  made  on  cloth 
one  yard  wide.  If  paper  is  used  to  reproduce  them,  paste 
the  sheets  together  to  get  the  required  size.  All  of  these 
charts  may  be  reproduced  by  a novice  with  the  help  of 
the  tracing  patterns  advertised  below,  which  supply  a pen- 
cil drawing  of  the  picture  parts  that  are  difficult. 

Chapter  I.  A.  Chart,  “The  Lion’s  Share  of  the  Weari- 
ness,” etc.  This  heading  is  quoted  from  Dr.  Sydney 
Gulick’s  book,  “Working  Women  of  Japan.”  No  one  need 
fear  to  attempt  this  drawing  who  follows  the  process 
shown  in  the  little  working  drawings  included  at  the  bot- 


48 


tom  of  the  chart.  Draw  first  the  dotted  diagonal  lines  for 
the  rice  field,  then  the  plants,  three  or  four  strokes  of  the 
crayon,  at  each  intersection  of  these  lines.  Place  the  sil- 
houettes, drawing  their  outlines  from  Miss  Bennett’s  pat- 
terns, and  afterward  filling  them  in  solid,  then  finish  with 
horizon  lines,  and  wavy  reflections  in  the  water. 

* Patterns  of  the  two  silhouette  figures,  for  10  cents, 
postpaid. 

* A tracing  pattern,  to  use  with  carbon  or  graphite  pa- 
per reproducing  the  lines  of  the  picture  in  the  cut,  for 
20  cents,  postpaid. 

Chapter  II.  A.  “When  Civilization  Outruns  Christian- 
ity.” Size  45  by  62  inches*.  Silhouette  patterns,  two  for 
5 cents,  postpaid.  Or  make  your  own  silhouette  patterns 
from  magazine  pictures  of  Japanese  girls.  Indicate  the 
different  percentages  by  different  colors.  Make  the  sil- 
houette figures  representing  70%  and  the  lettering  describ- 
ing this  percentage,  blue;  the  eleven  outline  figures  rep- 
resenting 20%,  and  its  lettering,  red.  Make  the  lettering 
“65%,  etc.,”  and  the  barred  line  marking  off  this  percent- 
age, black.  Make  the  toning  lines  representing  the  40% 
green.  Draw  a brown  or  purple  line  to  separate  the  lower 
eleven  figures  representing  23%. 

B.  “If  You  were  a Factory  Girl.”  (See  cut).  Size 
one  yard  square.  The  clock  faces  should  be  7 inches  in 
diameter. 

* Tracing  pattern  of  old  woman’s  figure,  20  cents,  post- 
paid. 

Chapter  III.  “Shining  Dream,  etc.”  (See  cut). 

* Tracing  pattern  of  picture  20  cents,  postpaid. 

•Order  these  supplies  from  Miss  Bertha  F.  Bennett,  108  Hleh- 
wood  Ave.,  Rideewood,  N.  J. 


49 


Chapter  IV.  "Lend  Her  a Hand” — with  apologies  to 
the  well-known  Liberty  Loan  poster!  (See  cut). 

* Tracing  pattern  of  picture,  20  cents,  postpaid. 

Chapter  V.  “More  Significant  than  Anything,  etc.” 
(See  cut).  This  is  quoted  from  the  text-book,  page 
178. 

♦Tracing  pattern  of  picture,  20  cents,  postpaid. 

Chapter  VI.  “The  Keys  to  Success.”  (See  cut). 

* Pattern  of  the  largest  key  from  which  to  draw  outline, 
5 cents,  postpaid.  To  shorten  keys  take  tuck  in  the  pat- 
tern, in  the  middle  of  its  length. 

COLORED  CHARTS  TO  RENT.  Any  or  all  of  the 
charts  pictured  here  and  described  above  may  be  rented 
at  15  cents  each,  postage  additional,  or  at  $1.00  for  the  set 
of  nine,  postage  additional.  Order  from  Miss  Bertha  F, 
Bennett,  106  Highwood  Ave.,  Ridgewood,  N.  J.  Please 
name  definitely  the  chart  desired,  when  ordering,  giving 
the  heading  of  the  chart,  and  the  number  of  the  chapter 
which  it  illustrates.  These  charts  are  not  to  be  held 
longer  than  a week  when  rented,  except  by  special  agree- 
ment beforehand.  Please  engage  them  well  in  advance 
for  specified  dates  and  return  them  promptly.  Do  not 
pay  for  them  until  you  receive  the  charts  and  also  the 
bill  for  the  combined  sum  of  rental  and  postage.  Pay- 
ment will  be  received  in  postage  or  money  order.  Actual 
money  sent  in  envelopes  is  at  your  own  risk.  Please  do 
not  pay  by  check  sums  less  than  one  dollar.  Miss  Ben- 
nett supplies  only  the  charts  and  patterns  advertised  in 
this  article,  but  none  of  the  general  helps  advertised  by 
the  United  Study  Committee. 

•Order  these  supplies  from  Miss  Bertha  F.  Bennett,  106  High- 
wood  Ave.,  Ridgewood,  N.  J. 

50 


NOVELTY  SOUVENIR  OR  INVITATION  PAT- 
TERNS. Set  of  six  designs,  one  for  each  chapter,  the 
largest  about  six  by  three  inches  in  size,*  20  cents  the 
set,  postpaid.  Designs  as  follows:  Chapter  I.  Stooping 
figure,  miniature  replica  of  those  in  the  rice-field  chart, 
(see  cut).  Invitation:  So  little  housework,  but — ? Come, 
see  what  she  does,  at church,  etc. 

Chapter  II.  Factory  building.  Invitation:  Factories 

more  costly  than  a war,  where?  We  will  tell  you  at . 

Chapter  III. — A hand  mirror.  Invitation:  Come  and 
look  into  the  mirror  of  a girl’s  dream  at . 

Chapter  IV.  A hand.  Invitation: — Helpl  Lend  a 
Hand!  Be  ready  at . 

Chapter  V.  A banner.  Invitation:  “One  in  core  if  not 
in  creed.”  Whose  motto?  The  story  told  at . 

Chapter  VI.  A figure  of  a college  girl  in  cap  and  gown. 

Invitation:  Hear  her  challenge  to  you  on (date) 

etc. 

Since  these  invitation  wordings  are  given  here,  they 
will  not  be  repeated  on  the  patterns  sold,  but  if  used  must 
be  copied  from  this  manual. 


51 


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